Ch.+6+Process+Selection+and+Facility+Layout

=Chapter 6 Process Selection and Facility Layout Summary: =

Objective: Teach you about Process Selection and Facility Layout.

 * **Process Selection** is basically the way goods or services are made or delivered, which influences numerous aspects of an organization, including capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment and design of work systems. Process selection is primarily used during the planning of new products or services that is subject to technological advances and competition. Process selection is dependent on the company's process strategy, which has two main components: capital intensity and process flexibility.
 * **Capital Intensity** is simply the combination of equipment and labor that an organization uses to accomplish some objective.
 * **Process Flexibility** is as its name implies: how well a system can be adjusted to meet changes in processing requirements that are interdependent on variables such as product or service design, volume of production, and technology.
 * **Facility Layout** is simply the way a facility is arranged in order to maximize processes that are not only efficient but effective towards the overall organizational goal. It is also dependent on process selection.

==Within those two categories, you will also learn about technology, operations tour, process strategy, designing product layouts, and designing process layouts. The main concept between process selection and facility layout is technology. Technology is a method that is used to improve and develop various services, operation processes, and products. While process selection is used in many organizations, facility layouts signifies the work centers, implementations, and the configuration of departments by special importance on activity of work throughout the system. An example of a layout can be seen with businesses that use automation. Automation is the process of technology-sensing when one task is completed and then automatically beginning another task. This layout is very effective in today's world for mass production. The purpose of layout design is to increase the efficiency and fluidity of work, data through the system, and material. ==


**1.) An ideal** **tool to use in line balancing is a/an . (page 264)**
 * Exam Questions: **

C. Operating time per month/desired output rate
===// D. // // Operating time per day/desired output rate // === ===E. Operating day per week/desired output rate  ===

Question: 6) Which of the following is **not** an example of automation: ( p.245) a). ATMs b). I-pass c). automated heating and air conditioning d). Online banking // e). A buffet restaurant. //
 * Need to show which one is the correct answers.

7). Which of the following tasks can a robot not handle? ( p.247). a) welding b). testing c). loading and unloading of machines, d). Painting // e). writing a letter //

8). Which of the following is a feature(s) of fixed automation? (p.246)

a). minimal variety of products b). Low cost, high volume. c). Specialized equipment for a fixed sequence of operation. d). a) and b) e). All of above

9). An organization that adopts automation should consider: ( p.246)

a). What level of automation is appropriate? b). How changes should be managed? c). What are the risks of automating? d). How would automation affect the flexibility of an operation system? e). All of the above.

10). Which is a disadvantage(s) of automation? ( p.246)

a). Technology is cheap. b). Automation is more flexible than human labor c). Very high initial costs d). Workers fear losing their jobs to machines e). Both c) and d).

11) The maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit is referred to as: a) cycle time b) reciprocal time c) line balancing d) task time e) efficiency The answer is a. (found on page 262)

12) Which of the following is a type of processing? a) job shop b) batch c) repetitive d) continuous e) all of the above The answer is e. (found on page 239)

13) A(n) _ is a standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of assembly tasks. a) product layout b) production line c) assembly line d) assembly sequence e) service layout The answer is c. (found on page 250)

14) What are the major differences between process layout from product layout? a) process layout is used for intermittent processing and product layout is used for repetitive processing b) process layout is functional and product layout is sequential c) process layout is sequential and product layout is funtional d) both a and b e) none of the above The answer is d. (found on page 253)

15) What areas of technology have a major influence on today's business processes? a) Product and service technology b) Process technology c) Information technology d) Automatic technology e) Answers a, b, & c The answer is e. ( found on page 238)

16) What three types of technology is operations management primarily concerned with? a. Information, assistive, instructional b. Product, instructional, service c. Product and service, process, information d. Information, product, alternative e. Assistive, process, information Answer: C (pg.238)

17) Which of the following will NOT yield competitive advantages for companies?

a. Lowering costs b. Increasing productivity c. Expanding processing capabilities d. Lowering prices e. Increasing quality Answer: D (pg. 239)

18) Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic process type?

a. Batch b. Strategic c. Repetitive d. Continuous e. Project
 * Answer: B (pg. 239)**

19) Which of these are a disadvantage(s) to the continuous process?

a. Rigidity b. Lack of variety c. Costly to change d. Very high cost of downtime e. All of the above
 * Answer: E (pg. 241)**

20) Which type of process is sometimes referred to as assembly?

a. Repetitive b. Job shop c. Continuous d. Project e. Strategic
 * Answer: A (pg. 240 & 241)**

21) An eyeglass repair shop would be best matched with which basic process type?

a. Continuous b. Job Shop c. Repetitive d. Batch e. Project
 * Answer: B. Job Shop (p. 239**)

22) Products and services often go through life cycles that begin with:

a. high volume b. standardized products/services c. low volume d. customized products/services e. moderate volume
 * Answer: C. low volume (p. 241)**

23) Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding process types?

a. They influence many activities of the organization b. Job shop, batch, repetitive and continuous are typically ongoing operations c. They always exist in their “pure” forms d. Manager must know when to shift from one process type to the next e. Hybrid processes have elements of other process types embedded in them
 * Answer: C. They always exist in their “pure” forms (p. 241-243)**

24) Answering which question will guide the process selection?

a. What is the expected volume of output? b. How much variety in products/services will the system need to handle? c. What degree of equipment flexibility will be needed? d. All of the above e. None of the above matter in selecting a process
 * Answer: D. All of the above (p.239)**

25) Which process type has the disadvantage of a moderate cost per unit?

a. Repetitive b. Continuous c. Job Shop d. Project e. Batch
 * Answer: E. Batch (p.241)**

26) Which of the following types of processing is used for production of customized goods or services?

a. Batch b. Repetitive c. Job Shop d. Continuous e. Project
 * Answer: C: Job Shop p. 241**

27) Robot is a machine consisting of a mechanical arm, power supply, and a(n) ___.__

a. Controller b. Computer c. Assembly Line d. Product Line e. Product Layout
 * Answer: A: Controller p.247**

28) Which facility layout utilizes stationary products, move workers, and materials as needed?

a. Fixed Position b. Product c. Process d. CAD e. Robot
 * Answer: A: Fixed Position p.254**

29) The management of Tiffany’s designs an output rate of 200 units of silver pendants per 8-hour day. What is the cycle time? (The tasks times and precedence relationships are shown below) .1→ .4→ .2→ .1→ .4

a. .42 b. 2.4 c. 100 d. 240 e. 8
 * Answer: B: 2.4 p.263**

30) Which diagram shows the elemental tasks and requirements? a.) Product Layout Diagram b.) Precedence Diagram c.) Line Balancing Diagram d.) Muther Grid Diagram e.) None of the above
 * Answer: B. p. 264**

31) Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable operate automatically is known as:

b. Product Profiling c. Projects d. Variety e. Technology
 * a. Automation (pg.245)**

32) Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of assembly tasks refers to a(n):

a. Product line b. Product Layout d. Process Layout e. None of the Above
 * c. Assembly Line (pg.250)**

33) Job Shop, Batch, Repetitive, Continuous, and project are all types of:

a. technologies c. Forms of competitive advantages d. Process design e. None of the above
 * b. Process Types (pg. 239)**

34) Which of the following enables an organization to quickly convert a machine or process to produce a different (but similar) product type:

a. Fixed-position layout c. Combination layouts d. Cellular production e. None of the Above
 * b. Single-minute exchange of die (SMED) (pg. 255)**

35) A robot consists of which of the following?

a. mechanical arm b. power supply c. controller d. Both a and c are correct.
 * e. All of the above (pg. 247)**

36) What is the efficiency of a line with a balance delay of 20%? (p. 265)

a. 60% b. 100% d. 120% e. 40%
 * c. 80%**

37) What is the cycle time if 500 minutes per day were spent making 25 units? (p. 263)

a. 20 products per minute c. 25 products per minute d. One product every 25 minutes e. None of the above
 * b. One product every 20 minutes**

38) What is the output rate if the operating time per day is 500 minutes and the cycle time is 2.5 minutes per unit? (p. 263)

a. 100 units every minute b. One unit every 100 minutes d. One unit every 200 minutes e. None of the above
 * c. 200 units every minute**

39) What is defined as “the maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit”? (p. 262)

a. Line balancing b. Maximum output rate d. Maximum cycle time e. Balance delay
 * c. Cycle time**

40) Line balancing is best used in which type of layout? (p. 261)

a. Process layout b. Cellular layout c. Fixed-position layout d. **Product layout**  e. Flexible manufacturing systems

41) What factors should be carefully considered before marketing a new technological innovation?

a. What technology do and will not do. b. Economic constraints. c. Integration costs. d. Human factors.
 * e. All of the above ( page 239, Technological Acquisition)**

42) Which of the following is relevant in the redesign of layouts for facilities?

a. Inefficient operations. b. Safety hazards. c. Very low profits. d. Customer satisfaction e**. a and b (page 249, Facilities layout)**

43) In general, the three kinds of automation is?

a, fixed, programmable, agile. c, variable, agile, flexible. d. adjustable, solid, non-open source. e. reliable, efficient, favorable.
 * b. fixed, flexible, programmable (page 246).**

44) The main advantages for product layout do not include which of the following?

a. A high rate of output. c. Labor specialization. d. Low unit cost due to high volumes. e. A high utilization of labor and equipment.
 * b. Preventative maintenance ( page 252).**

45) Which of the following information is not required for the design of process layouts?

b. projection of future work flows between the various work centers. c. Cost between locations and the unit cost to move the loads between locations. d. The amount of money to be invested in the layout. e. Location of key utilities, access and exit points, loading docks, etc.
 * a. Employee approval of the new process ( processes) Pages 271-272.**

46) Which of the following are **NOT** associated with product layouts?

A. rapid flow B. sequential layout C. repetitive processing D. highly standardized goods E. **non-repetitive processing** (pg 252)

47) Which of the following are true regarding process layouts?

A. **routing and scheduling pose continual challenges** (pg 253) B. it is common in service environments C. utilization rates are high D. repetitive processing E. all of the above

48) When is a fixed-position project used?

A. Small projects C. Micro projects D. none of the above E. A & C
 * B. Large projects** (pg 254)

49) //Part families// is related to:

A. Process layout B. Product layout C. **Cellular layout** (pg 255) D. Combination layout E. None of the above

50) Which layout is less efficient and has higher unit production costs than product layouts?

A. **Process** (254) B. Fixed-Position C. They are all the same D. Cellular E. Process and Fixed-Position

51) Choose the best process you would need for the following project: custom-made handbag that requires a lot of detailed work.

A. Repetitive B. Assembly Line workers D. Batch E. Projects (C) Job Shop Page. 239
 * C. Job Shop**

52) A group of machines that include supervisory computer control, automatic handling, and robots or other automated processing is_.

A. Job Shop C. Group Technology D. CIM ( Computer-Integrated Manufacturing) E. Mixed Mode (B) FMS ( flexible manufacturing system) Page 258
 * B. FMS ( flexible manufacturing system)**

53) The equation for cycle time is

A. Output/Labor Hours B. Output/ Total Cost C. Cycle time per unit/Output E. Total Hours Worked/ Desired Output Rate (D) Operating Time/Desired Output Rate Page 263
 * D. Operating Time/Desired Output Rate**

54) Compute the output rate. Fixed units per hour 500. Operating time per day 200 mins. Cycle Time is 1.0 per unit. CM per unit is 5. Total Units is 1000.

A. 5000 B. 700 C. 4500 D. 1000 (E).200 Equation found on page 263
 * E. 200**

55) Operations management is concerned with which of the following technologies:

A. Product and Service B. Innovation C. IT E. B&C (D) A&C Page 238
 * D. A&C**

56) The work required to produce a widget can be separated into five fundamental tasks. With the task times and precedence relationships shown in the following diagram, what are the minimum and maximum cycle times for a widget production?

-->0.3 min.-->0.9 min.-->0.1 min.-->0.5 min.-->0.2 min-->

a) 0.3 min.; 0.2 min. b) 0.1 min.; 2.0 min. d) 0.3 min.; 0.1 min. e) 0.1 min.; 0.9 min. Answer: C),0.9 min.; 2.0 min. pg. 263
 * c) 0.9 min.; 2.0 min.**

57) In one of the assembly lines with 5 stations, the supervisor notices that the idle time per cycle is 0.5 min in the 1.0 min cycle time. What is the efficiency of this line?

a) 10% c) 97.5% d) 2.5% e) 85% Answer: B), 90% pg. 265
 * b) 90%**

58) Which of the following are reasons why businesses utilize line balancing to improve their business processes?

a) It allows us to use labor and equipment more efficiently. b) To increase the idle time of each assembly line. c) To avoid fairness issues that arise when one workstation must work harder than another. d) To create issues with morality that arise between workers at slower and faster stations. Answer: E); Both a) and c) are correct. pg. 262
 * e) Both a) and c) are correct.**

59) What are the advantages of using a continuous process types?

a) Very efficient b) Very high volume c) Able to handle a wide variety of work e) All of the above are correct. Answer: D); a) and b) are correct. pg. 241
 * d) a) and b) are correct.**

60) Which of the following are NOT benefits of using a flexible manufacturing system?

b) Offers reduced labor costs. c) Offers consistent quality compared to traditional manufacturing methods. d) Utilize lower capital investment. e) Offer higher flexibility than "hard" automation. Answer: A)Able to handle a relatively narrow range of part variety., pg. 258
 * a) Able to handle a relatively narrow range of part variety.**

61) What is a common goal in design process layout?

A) Minimize workers C) Increase volume production D) Increase effectiveness E) None of the above are correct Answer: B)Able to handle a relatively narrow range of part variety. page 271
 * B) Minimize transportation cost**

62) Which of the following is not information required in the design process layout?

A) The amount of money to be invested in the layout B) The location of key utilities, access and exit points, loading docks, and so on. C) A projection of future work flows between various work centers. E) The distance between locations and the cost per unit of distance to move loads between locations. Answer: D) The number of managers and workers involved.page 271, 272
 * D) The number of managers and workers involved.**

63) HoIn closeness ratings how is the information summarized?

A) Diagram C) Report D) Flow chart E) Bar chart Answer: B) page 273
 * B) Grid**

64) The problems that majority of layouts have involve which of the following: B) Multiple locations C) Insufficient layout information D) Size of equipment E) Dimension of the building Answer: A) page 270
 * A) Single locations**

65) What is a major obstacle when trying to find the most efficient layout of a department?

A) Amount of space equipment and labor will use. B) Layout of building C) Type of equipment being used D) Location of key utilities Answer: E) page 27
 * E) Large number of possible assignments**

(66) The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements is called:

A) equal balancing B) cycle time C) idle time analysis D) line balancing E) none of the above Answer: D) page. 262

(67) Crayola LLC, maker of Crayola products, produces nearly 3 billion crayons each year. What type of processing does Crayola has?

A) job shop B) batch D) continuous E) none of the above Answer: C) page. 240
 * C) repetitive/assembly**

(68) Which of the following type of processing system is used for highly standardized products?

A) batch B) project D) job shop E) none of the above Answer: C) p. 240
 * C) continuous**